By James A. Haught | November 2007
Freethought Today
Nobody actually knows where beliefs come from. Psychologists can’t explain what makes some people religious skeptics and others believers — or why some become conformists and others become rebels — or political conservatives and liberals — or war “hawks” and peace “doves” — or puritans and playboys — or death penalty advocates and opponents — etc., etc.
Therefore, I don’t know what caused me to be a doubter while my classmates were believers, some even becoming preachers. All I know is my own story:
I was born in 1932 in a little West Virginia farm town that had no electricity or paved streets. My family had gaslights, but farmers outside town lived with kerosene lamps, woodstoves, outdoor toilets.
I was sent to Bible Belt Sunday schools, and tried to pray as a child. But an awakening occurred in teen years. In high school chemistry class, I learned how gaps and surpluses in outer electron shells cause atoms to bind into molecules, making almost everything in our world. It was a revelation explaining much of existence. Science became an obsession, a portal to understanding reality. Slowly, religion’s claims of invisible gods, devils, heavens, hells, angels, demons, miracles and messiahs turned into fairy tales.
Rather by accident, I lucked into a newspaper job, and my world expanded. A cynical city editor laughed at “holy rollers” and huckster evangelists. We debated religion. I agreed that supernatural church claims are baloney — but I had a quandary: If the magical explanations are nonsense, I said, what better answers exist? Why is the universe here? Why do we live and die? Is there any purpose to it all? Is everything random? What can an honest person say? What answer can a person of integrity give?
He eyed me sharply and replied: “You can say: I don’t know.” Bingo! Immediately, a path of honesty opened for me. Previously, I had sensed that it’s dishonest for theologians to claim supernatural knowledge without any proof, but I had lacked a truthful alternative. Now I had one. I could quit agonizing and admit that ultimate mysteries are unknowable.
I joined a skeptical Unitarian group, read physics and philosophy books, and cemented a scientific worldview. Beliefs should rest on intelligent evidence, not on fables. Eventually, I saw several logical reasons why thinking people should reject church dogmas:
— Horrible occurrences such as the Indian Ocean tsunami that drowned 100,000 children prove clearly that the universe isn’t administered by an all-loving invisible father. No compassionate creator would devise killer earthquakes and hurricanes — or breast cancer for women and leukemia for children — or hawks to rip rabbits apart and pythons to crush pigs and sharks to slaughter seals. A creator who concocted such things would be crueler than people are. In philosophy, this dilemma is called the Problem of Evil. It doesn’t disprove the existence of a heartless god, but it wipes out the merciful god of churches.
— Hundreds of past gods and religions have vanished, and are laughable today. Zeus’s Pantheon atop Mount Olympus was so real to ancient Greeks that they sacrificed thousands of animals to the imaginary gods and goddesses. Are today’s deities any more substantial?
— Although churches claim that religion makes believers loving and brotherly, the historic record includes opposite results. Human sacrifice, holy wars, Inquisition torture chambers, massacres of heretics, Crusades against infidels, witch hunts, Reformation wars, pogroms against Jews, Jonestown, Waco, nerve gas in Tokyo’s subway, suicide bombing by today’s Muslim fanatics — all these undercut the kindly image of believers.
— Most of the brightest thinkers throughout history — philosophers, scientists, writers, democracy reformers, and other “greats” — have been skeptics. Omar Khayyam, Michel de Montaigne, William Shakespeare, Voltaire, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Paine, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Charles Darwin, Leo Tolstoy, Mark Twain, Thomas Edison, Luther Burbank, Sigmund Freud, Bertrand Russell, Albert Einstein, Margaret Sanger, Will Durant, Jean-Paul Sartre, Isaac Asimov, Kurt Vonnegut, Carl Sagan — this is illustrious company. If the best minds couldn’t swallow supernatural tenets, why should we?
— Scientific thinking requires detectable, testable evidence. But religion offers no proof except writings left by long-dead holy men. Muhammad said the angel Gabriel dictated the Koran to him. That’s proof enough for a billion Muslims. Joseph Smith, a convicted fraud artist, said an angel named Moroni helped him find buried golden tablets, which he translated into miracle-filled scriptures. That’s proof enough for millions of Mormons. But honest seekers need something more tangible.
— Despite the common assumption that church leaders are more moral than ordinary folks, a horrifying number of ministers and priests are child-molesters, swindlers, adulterers, or half-cracked charlatans. A few even commit murder. There’s no evidence that religion makes them holier than thou.
— All church predictions of miraculous events have been flops. Millerites waited on hilltops for a Second Coming that didn’t come. Jehovah’s Witnesses set several wrong dates for Doomsday. Fundamentalists thought the 2000 millennium passage would bring heavenly havoc. The Rapture probably will be another rupture.
— Even devout believers are skeptics about dogmas of other faiths. Jews doubt that Jesus was divine. Protestants doubt that the Virgin Mary makes miraculous appearances. Standard Christians doubt that Jesus appeared to Master Moon and told him to convert all people to be “Moonies.” Muslims doubt that Jesus came to prehistoric America, as Mormons allege. Buddhists doubt that the return of Christ is imminent, as Adventists claim. Hindus doubt that the Holy Spirit, the third essence of the Trinity, causes “the unknown tongue” to spout from Pentecostals. Etc.
— Advances in education and scientific knowledge cause supernatural beliefs to fade. Religion once was so important to Europeans that they killed millions of people for it — in the Crusades, the Inquisition, witch hunts, pogroms against Jews, Reformation wars, massacres of heretics and other faith-based gore. But since the Enlightenment and the rise of scientific thinking, religion almost has vanished in Europe. (Thomas Jefferson wrote in a letter: “The priests of the different religious sects … dread the advance of science as witches do the approach of daylight.”)
— Religious beliefs depend largely on demographics. A person born in a Muslim land, into a Muslim family, is highly unlikely to become a Hindu, Buddhist, Jew or Christian. The same pattern applies for other lands and other families. Faith hinges mostly on where you were born.
Over the years, I’ve spelled out these premises in seven books and 60 magazine essays. I even hatched a freethought novel focused on religious absurdities in ancient Greece.
To me, the bottom line is honesty. A person with integrity doesn’t claim to know supernatural things that he or she cannot know. An honest person wants solid evidence to support assertions, and is leery of baseless claims. Therefore, skeptics are most honest of all.
Reprinted with permission from the author.
James A. Haught is editor emeritus of West Virginia’s The Charleston Gazette-Mail and a senior editor of the Free Inquiry magazine. He is also the author of numerous books and articles; his most recent book is Religion is Dying: Soaring Secularism in America and the West (Gustav Broukal Press, 2010). Haught has won 21 national newswriting awards and thirty of his columns have been distributed by national syndicates. He is in Who’s Who in America, Who’s Who in the World, Contemporary Authors, and 2000 Outstanding Intellectuals of the 21st Century. His website is haught.net. 
Holy Horrors
By James A. Haught
Prometheus Books (30 May 2002)
ISBN-10: 1573927783
ISBN-13: 978-1573927789
$6.56
Part 1 of an interview with author and newspaperman James Haught
Animated map shows how religion spread around the world
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Wise words!